This study determined that there was no statistical or clinical significance between elevation, sequential compression, or muscle contraction with forced inhalation compared to elevation, sequential compression, or muscle contraction without forced inhalation. This study randomly placed participants into three intervention groups and implemented each with or without the respiratory pump The respiratory pump is the most powerful mechanism of venous return, but it has not yet been clinically tested or applied. These interventions include: elevation, sequential compression, and muscle pumps. When a patient has swelling to a body site, there are several interventions that are clinically practiced to promote venous return. This does not eliminate the possibility of allowing for faster return of blood to the heart, however. Venous return in the lower limbs is substantially decreased as a result of gravitational forces acting down on the body. A pretest-posttest true experimental design was used in this study to compare ankle swelling reduction rates of selected venous returninterventions. This study examined the effects of a diaphragmatic breathing pattern coupled with three common swelling reduction techniques on venous return of the ankle. The physiological respiratory pump has the potential of encouraging a morevefficient venous return of the lower extremity.
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